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KNOW YOUR TRASH FACTS

About 80% of what Americans throw away is recyclable, yet our recycling rate is just 34%. (Environmental Protection Agency)

More than ½ million trees are saved each year by recycling paper in Boulder County. (Eco-Cycle)

By recycling more than 57,000 tons of steel cans, we reduce greenhouse gasses equivalent to taking more than 21,000 cars off the road each year. (WM)

Recycling glass instead of making it from silica sand reduces mining waste by 70%, water use by 50%, and air pollution by 20%. (Environmental Defense Fund)

If we recycled all of the newspapers printed in the U.S. on a typical Sunday, we would save 550,000 trees—or about 26 million trees per year. (California Department of Conservation)

The energy saved each year by steel recycling is equal to the electrical power used by 18 million homes each year—or enough energy to last Los Angeles residents for eight years. (Steel Recycling Institute)

The total volume of solid waste produced in the U.S. each year is equal to the weight of more than 5,600 Nimitz Class air craft carriers, 247,000 space shuttles, or 2.3 million Boeing 747 jumbo jets. (Beck)

An average kitchen-size bag of trash contains enough energy to power a 100-watt light bulb for 24 hours. (Covanta)

The solid waste industry currently produces more than half of America's renewable energy, more than combined energy outputs of the solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind power industries. (U.S. DOE, Energy Information Administration)

Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 trees, 2 barrels of oil (enough to run the average car for 1,260 miles), 4,100 kilowatts of energy (enough power for the average home for 6 months), 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space, and 60 pounds of air pollution. (Trash to Cash)

Recycling one aluminum can saves enough energy to run a 100-watt bulb for 20 hours, a computer for 3 hours, or a TV for 2 hours. (Environmental Protection Agency)

Glass can be recycled an indefinite number of times and never wears out. (National Recycling Coalition)

Making glass from recycled material cuts related air pollution by 20% and water pollution by 50%. (National Recycling Coalition)

If we put all of the solid waste collected in the U.S. in a line of average garbage trucks, that line of trucks could cross the country, extending from New York City to Los Angeles, more than 100 times. (Beck)

Five PET bottles (plastic soda bottles) yield enough fiber for one extra large T-shirt, one square food of carpet or enough fiber fill to fill one ski jacket. (National Recycling Coalition)

The average person has the opportunity to recycle more than 25,000 cans in a lifetime. (National Recycling Coalition)

Americans throw away enough office paper each year to build a 12-foot-high wall of paper from New York to Seattle. (National Recycling Coalition)

The average American discards seven and a half pounds of garbage every day. (National Recycling Coalition)

Once an aluminum can is recycled, it's back on the grocery shelf as another aluminum can in 60 days. (www.aluminum.org)

Americans throw away enough aluminum every three months to rebuild our entire commercial air fleet. (www.aluminum.org)

Tossing away an aluminum can wastes as much energy as pouring out half of that can's volume of gasoline. (www.aluminum.org)

Enough aluminum cans were recycled last year to fill a hollow Empire State Building 24 times. (www.aluminum.org)

The 62.6 billion cans recycled last year alone would make 171 circles around the earth at its equator. (www.aluminum.org)

Nearly 120,000 cans are recycled every minute nationwide. (www.aluminum.org)

Over the past 10 years, the number of aluminum cans recycled has doubled. (www.aluminum.org)

More than one million tons of aluminum containers and packaging are thrown away each year. (www.aluminum.org)

Recycling 1 ton of aluminum saves the equivalent in energy of 2,350 gallons of gasoline. This is equivalent to the amount of electricity used by the average home over a period of 10 years. (www.aluminum.org)

By using recycled aluminum instead of virgin ore, aluminum manufactures save enough energy needed to supply electricity to a city the size of Pittsburgh for about six years. (www.aluminum.org)

In 2010, the amount of paper recovered for recycling averaged 334 pounds for each man, woman, and child in the United States. (www.paperrecycles.org)

Every ton of paper recycled saves more than 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. (http://earth911.org)

Recycling a four-foot stack of newspapers saves the equivalent of one 40-foot fir tree, that tree can filter up to 60 pounds of pollutants from the air each year. (www.ohiobaler.com)

More than 37 percent of the fiber used to make new paper products in the United States comes from recycled sources. (http://earth911.org)

86 percent (approximately 254 million) of Americans have access to curbside or drop-off paper recycling programs. (http://earth911.org)

Every month, we throw out enough recyclable glass bottles and jars to fill up a giant skyscraper. (www.recycling-revolution.com)

The energy saved from recycling one glass bottle can run a 100-watt light bulb for four hours. It also causes 20% less air pollution and 50% less water pollution than when a new bottle is made from raw materials. (www.recycling-revolution.com)

Every year, Americans throw away enough office and writing paper to build a wall 12 feet high, stretching from Los Angeles to New York City. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

Recycling 1 ton of paper uses 7,000 fewer gallons of water, saves 35% of the water pollution and 70% of the air pollution produced in making new paper, uses 4100 KWH less energy, and saves 390 gallons of oil. (www.ohiobaler.com)

If all the glass bottles and jars collected through recycling in the U.S. in one year were laid end-to-end, they would reach the Moon and half way back to the Earth. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

The volume of glass recycled by Americans in one year would fill New Jersey's Giants Stadium more than three times. (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

Used plastic soda and juice bottles are used to make carpets, insulating materials in clothes and sleeping bags, strapping, scouring, pads, auto parts, paint brushes, bottles, and other things such as tennis balls! (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

We can recycle plastic milk, water and detergent bottles to make new detergent and engine oil bottles, trash cans, flower pots, recycling bins, drainage pipes, park benches, playground equipment, traffic barrier cones, kitchen drain boards and combs! (www.fairfaxcounty.gov)

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History of Solid Waste Management

During the course of history, human progress often has been linked to advances (or failures) to properly manage waste. Solid waste professionals have been and continue to be environmentalists. In fact, we've been environmentalists for millennia before such a concept even existed. Here is a historical timeline of significant developments in waste management, as well as some other events that impacted the way that we manage or look at our garbage.

Ancient History

In early pre-industrial times, waste was mainly composed of ash from fires, wood, bones, bodies and vegetable waste. It was disposed of in the ground where it would act as compost and help to improve the soil. Ancient rubbish dumps excavated in archaeological digs reveal only tiny amounts of ash, broken tools and pottery. Everything that could be was repaired and reused. Populations were smaller. And people lived in less concentrated groups. Even if transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer to farmer meant that waste could no longer be left behind, it still wasn't much of an issue.

Archeological excavations of of the dirt or clay floors of these earliest living quarters have found that many bits of garbage that fell on the floor simply were trampled into the dirt or brushed into corners and along the edge of walls by the traffic patterns of the residents, an effect that archeologists have referred to as the "fringe effect." When the floors became too littered with animal bones and other artifacts, the household would bring in a supply of fresh, clean clay and spread it out on top. As a result, overtime, the elevation of these cities rose. One account of Troy suggests that debris accumlation led to the city's elevation increasing by about 5 feet per century.

As city populations grew, space for disposal decreased, and societies had to begin developing necessary waste disposal systems. Crete, Athens and Rome are examples of ancient civilizations that instituted different waste procedures.

Middle Ages

People didn't understand garbage was a threat until urban populations boomed. As cities began to develop, people burned their personal trash, buried it, or let it pile up. As waste piled up in urban settings, the resulting filth caused stench, harbored rats and other pests, led to contaminated water supplies and perpetuated human disease. Some of the greatest plagues to ever impact humanity resulted from these conditions. Some of the earliest organized waste management techniques developed during this period as a way to stop and prevent further disease.

Early reuse and recycling existed in the form of salvage. Traditionally, recovered materials have included leather, feathers and down, and textiles. Early recycling included feeding vegetable wastes to livestock and using green waste as fertilizer. Pigs were often used as an efficient method of disposing of municipal waste. Timber was salvaged and reused in construction and ship-building. Materials such as gold have always been melted down and re-cast numerous times. Later, recovery activities included scrap metal, paper and non-ferrous metals.

Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411). The plagues that impacted Europe periodically throughout the 14th to the 16th centuries were caused by vermin that thrived in the filthy urban conditions prevalent at that time.

 

Later historical information here:

 

Ancient History and Middle Ages: Timeline

2000 BC

Bronze scrap recovery systems were in place in Europe.

Legends suggest that composting probably was a part of life in China as early as 2000 BC. There are written records from the the Han Dynasty (ca. Second Century BC) containing "fertilizer recipes," containing human excreta, animal waste, straw, plant ash, etc.

1500 BC

There is archeological evidence that in the Cretan capital, Knossos, the Minoan people created landfill sites where waste was placed in large pits and covered with earth at various levels.

500 BC

Historical records indicate that Athenians institutionalized techniques similar to those used in Crete by banning the dumping of refuse in the city streets and mandating that waste be deposited no less than one mile from the city.

First Century AD

Sheol was a dump outside of Jerusalem that periodically burned. It became synonymous with "hades" or "hell." It is referenced in the Jewish Torah, the Christian Bible (Old and New Testaments) and the Islamic Quran. For example, "Your love for me is great; you have rescued me from the depths of Sheol (Psalm 86:13)."

250 AD

Archeological discoveries show that the Mayan Indians of Central America had dumps, which exploded occasionally and probably often burned. They also recycled their inorganic waste into fill for building projects.

200 AD

The first sanitation force is created by the Romans. Teams of two men walk along the streets, pick up garbage and throw it in a wagon.

Later historical information here:

 

Sources:

1297

In response to the increasing amount of waste deposited in towns in Britain, a law passed to make householders keep the front of their house clear from refuse. It was largely ignored. Most waste was burned on household open fires.

1340's

The Black Plague spread to Western Europe and North Africa during the 1340s. The total number of deaths worldwide is estimated at 75 million people. The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30-60 percent of Europe's population.

1354

"Rakers" (who earlier were responsible for sweeping human excreta from gutters where chamber pots and privies were emptied) were ordered by King Edward III to rake all refuse from streets and alleys, load it into carts, and remove it once a week. These men were some of the earliest garbagemen. They generally deposited waste into the Thames and Fleet Rivers.

1388

The English Parliament banned dumping of waste in ditches and public waterways.

1400's

By the end of 1350 the peak of Black Death had subsided, but it never really died out in England. During the next few hundred years, there were further outbreaks. Although bubonic plague still occured in isolated cases today, the Great Plague of London in 1665–1666 is generally recognized as one of the last major outbreaks.

1400

Garbage piles up so high outside the gates of Paris, France, that it interfered with the city's defenses. During this time, there were accounts of enemy soldiers clambering up garbage piles to storm medieval city walls.

1407

The British government ruled that household rubbish was to remain indoors until it could be removed by the rakers (and either sold as compost or dumped in marshes). This preliminary attempt to manage and control waste was not particularly successful, but paved the way for further regulation.

Late 1400's

Medieval German cities required the wagons which bring produce into the city to carry out waste into the countryside.

1500s

Spanish copper mines used scrap iron for cementation of copper, a recycling practice that survives to this day.

1515

Strafford-upon-Avon court record show that Shakespeare's father was fined for 'depositing filth in a public street'.

1588

Elizabeth I granted special privileges for the collection of rags for papermaking in Great Britain.

Ask the Waste Industry Expert

Kneiss HeadshotQ. Can the recycling rate go up?

A. Yes! All of us have a stake in this. We should put our prepared recyclables out for collection and buy products made with recycled content. Businesses should make more recycled-content products and join recycling organizations. Governments should improve collection efficiency and do full-cost accounting.

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From the Environmentalists Everyday Blog

  • NSWMA Forms Alabama Chapter
    The National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA) announced the formation of an Alabama Chapter of NSWMA. The Alabama Chapter is the first new chapter to join NSWMA since the formation of the New York City Chapter in 2000. NSWMA currently has 25 chapters in 26 states and the District of Columbia. To learn more about [...]

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